Chios mastic, also known as “mastíha,” is a resin obtained from the mastic tree, Pistacia lentiscus var. chia, which is native to the Greek island of Chios. This natural gum has been treasured since ancient times, not only for its unique, slightly pine or cedar-like flavor but also for its array of health benefits. The harvesting process of Chios mastic is as unique as the product itself, deeply rooted in tradition and precision. Farmers make careful incisions on the bark of the mastic trees, allowing the sap to seep out. Over time, this sap hardens into crystal-like drops that are then collected, cleaned, and processed. This labor-intensive method ensures the purity and quality of the mastic, making it a product of high economic value and cultural significance.
The uses of Chios mastic are remarkably versatile, spanning from culinary applications to medicinal remedies. In the culinary world, mastic is used to flavor a variety of sweets and desserts, such as ice cream and pastries, as well as savory dishes. Its unique aroma and taste have also made it a popular ingredient in the production of spirits, such as the Greek liqueur mastiha. Medicinally, mastic gum has been used since antiquity for its digestive benefits, including as a remedy for stomach ulcers and intestinal disorders. Recent studies have also explored its potential in supporting oral health and preventing certain types of bacterial infections.
The cultural importance of Chios mastic extends beyond its uses. The mastic villages (Mastichochoria) of southern Chios, where the mastic trees are cultivated, are a testament to the deep history and tradition of mastic production on the island. These villages, with their medieval architecture and community-based production methods, are not just places of historical interest but are active centers of mastic cultivation. The European Union’s recognition of Chios mastic as a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product highlights its unique regional identity and contributes to the preservation and promotion of traditional farming practices. This designation ensures that only mastic harvested in Chios can be sold under the name “Chios mastic,” protecting the product’s heritage and maintaining its high quality. Today, the production and export of mastic contribute significantly to the island’s economy, supporting local communities and preserving a cultural legacy that has been passed down through generations.
